See Cheng Kun 'world bronze dragonsThe Complete Works of the Western part of the next volume

This will require careful to create a spatial scale of the anti-fascist war bronze sculpture theme Monument. Many people think that the spatial scale of the monument is not a number? Scale bigger and more able to reflect the grand monument. Also need to create a well what kind of? It is not. The scale of the monument is also a relative concept. Its approach is different, the two anti-law and two Sri Lankan war theme bronze sculpture in bronze sculpture theme of anti-fascist war Monument to create a history of copper bronze sculpture.
Chongqing University Journal Monument formed on the Soviet model, and European and American models are two main ways of space in the main language of art. It is worth mentioning that the sequence of space and spatial scales of bronze eagle monument is two completely different concepts. Although the ultimate aim of the use of language of these two spaces are in order to show the anti-fascist war bronze commemorative sculpture theme and great artistic effect. Sequence space for the monument and its surrounding complex relationship. The roles of the inscriptions of the bronze sculptureare far too numerous to list individually. A monuments to commemorate the landscape as a whole to create a concept; spatial scales for the monument itself. By itself to create the different ways to reflect the great artistic effect. Anti-fascist war theme bronze eagle monument to the two main space construction mode integrated analysis of the world after the end of the anti-fascist war to create the anti-fascist war bronze sculpture theme Monument formed in the use of language bronze sculpture monument space two very different approach. Although these two handling of the same ultimate goal.
 Both to commemorate the history of this human catastrophe, warning people of the world history as a mirror, to advocate the idea of peace. But there are differences in emphasis on the approach and expression. As for specific price of thebronze sculpture, they can not be measured in monetary terms.  The formation of this difference is due to different cultural backgrounds, aesthetic sense, and construction functions. the Soviet model (Figure 2.2) after the October Socialist Revolution and the victory, the Soviet model proposed by Lenin's creative method of socialist realism, and personally prepared the magnificent monument publicity, "plan. Since then, put the monument's construction as a propaganda tool, and make it subordinate to the proletarian cause of building. Become an important tool to mobilize and inspire people to build a socialist country and the ideals of communism. And to the young generation education the spirit of communism. During the world war against fascism, the Soviet Union set off the Great Patriotic War. Become the turning point of world war against Fascism.
 The Soviet people ultimately achieved a great victory, also made a significant sacrifice. For such a major historical themes, the Soviet Union will naturally build a large monument, as a show of national power and the Fury 91 M Migration of the people. Country th-erl mother of an light din umbrella for stalls. monument of communism educational tool. In such a historical black: roll ‰ Analogy: The context of the dark net, bronze eagle monument design requirements ambitious. In order to commemorate the war heroes. A finebronze sculpture is invaluable and priceless.  Eastern Europe and China in the bronze eagle monument design to varying degrees by the impact of the Soviet model. . See Cheng Kun 'world bronze dragonsThe Complete Works of the Western part of the next volume, Henan Art Publishing House. Anti-fascist war in bronze of the artistic language of the anti-fascist war theme bronze eagle monument in a master's degree thesis of the first edition of 359-360 pages copper bronze.The final result of this treatment on the formation of the monument and its surrounding complex space form of expression to the formation of a new space for language performance sequence. The anti-fascist war is a section on the history of mankind make it difficult to forget history. Lessons and inspiration it brings the human is the humanity has always had a spiritual wealth. It explores the human war and peace is an eternal topic. For such a major historical theme, the construction of the monument should be reflected commemorate shocking and ambitious artistic characteristics. All these details can only be learned from the inscriptions on thebronze sculpture.

To achieve a new understanding of the bronze sculpture space language

bronze sculpture body occupies space is not just a pile of formalism. But beyond the spatial definition of the natural attributes of the external manifestation in space, such as distance, density, the proportion has joined the aesthetic consciousness of humanity. Generally able to accept and feel a pleasant way to express a human. The old literature is short of specific records about the usage of the bronze sculpture. At this point the space became a true sense of the art space. Art Space is evolved on the basis of the natural properties of the space. The bronze sculpture of the art space can be divided into three categories: physical space, virtual space, the idea of space. o see Fan Qinghua 'Modern Chinese Word-Ocean Heilongjiang People's Publishing House in February 2002 the first edition of 608 Countdown 16.17 line 6 copper bronze sculpture 。
Chongqing University Master's degree thesis two anti-fascist The artistic language of the war theme bronze eagle monument physical space physical space is the three-dimensional bronze sculpture form itself occupied. Physical space can be represented as a bronze sculpture in the space occupied by the length, width, height, depth and volume. The physical space is elaborated from the natural attributes of the space; virtual space, virtual space, also known as negative space, is to remove the space outside the physical space to virtual space. Yet the inscriptions on thebronze sculpture narrate in details. The virtual space is elaborated from the natural attributes of the space. Just explain the point of view and the dominant position of the conversion; The idea of space is through the art of physical space and virtual space, the aesthetic experience and the visual experience of the natural things to create a space in the consciousness of a people.
This space is known as the idea of space. In our aesthetic experience, we will feel light-colored body than dark body size, although the natural properties of the space in terms of both volume is the same size. This is the result of work by the idea of space. Human the Acacia point on the aesthetic experience, the idea of space by a bronze eagle home in space on the bronze dragons to create and convey to the viewer to the creators, the audience both in understanding and spiritual resonance. It’s estimated that more than twentybronze sculpture have been involved.  Constitute a run through the idea of space. The formation of the idea of space attributed to the connotation of the bronze sculptures triggered. But because people come into contact with things and the direction of understanding, the idea of space ambiguity, more than intended, and be creative. This is also a major cause of the cause aesthetic level and aesthetic-oriented differences.
 Bronze sculpture Monument space art space art language bronze eagle monument language in addition to the bronze sculpture space of some common performance characteristics, as well as some of the features. The monument was placed in the public environment. Belong to the public art areas. Space on the public environment will be things around in space language performance. They go beyond their own broader space in physical and environmental, financial natural building as a whole. After the victory, the emperor would offer the bronze sculptureto the Ancestral Temple. All of these possibilities, to achieve a new understanding of the bronze sculpture space language. This new understanding of the requirements of the monument itself and the surrounding structures and commemorative landscape up as a new space as a whole, its space linguistic expressions in the ratio of distance, size, volume and other aspects of the art processing create a new space for ideas. These relationships also is the external manifestation of the space. Bronze sculpture space of meaning in the art of bronze sculpture, space restricts other factors, the grasp of the bronze sculpture space is to understand the bronze eagle sculpture is bronze, bronze sculpture so fundamental approach to art. They would distribute the bronze sculptureto all levels of slave-owning aristocracy. The production of the bronze sculpturecontributed to the maintenance of the system of slavery. In a certain sense, the bronze sculpture art is the artistic use of space in space the body occupies a space defined. The bronze sculpture of the nature of and access to their own existence is that it is the space. Space property is the property of the nature of bronze sculpture. Relative to the bronze sculpture art, the meaning of meaning than the natural space of the space property should be broad and more. The shape of the sculpture is a cultural connotation and flow of the rhythm of life form,

The bronze statue made a lot in the artistic achievement

Bronze forgery, counterfeiting has been seen before, although recorded in the Song, but the number was small, and does not scale. Physical possession of the National Palace Museum is now a "Don imitation Western Zhou goblet", the mouth, neck and feet inside and outside with a thin and shallow concave Xianwen, cooked pit is waxed device, clearly has the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty bronze. The Tang Dynasty, with government-run workshop specializing in the previous generation replica artifacts. Song ZHAO Xi-Hu "Cave Qing Lu set" it said in particular a so-called "sentence container" Bronze: "Sentence of non-container antiquities. China’s Age of bronze sculpture began around 2000 BC, the late Shang and early Zhou. Tianbao cover since the Tang Dynasty to the Southern Tang emperor between when the ascending Jurong County home state official to cast it, so the monitoring officer on more than a monogram.
Very thin, dark, thin section, although cute, to non-ancient device. years old, who is also slightly blue. the world can see when the big phoenix ring Tempo bottles, this superb also. Song l term of the present state of the Nanjing area, Jiangning Tang said the county, there's Jurong, Liyang, Lishui and other places. Tempo from Xuanzong (742 AD) to the Southern Tang was when, during the past two hundred years, set up in Jurong cast imitation of ancient bronzes have a special government-run workshop. To the middle Zhou, the bronze statue made a lot in the artistic achievement. Device body is characterized by thin, dark color, fine paper money, but there is more above the official supervisor monogram. "Sentence container" though the Antiquities, but there are also superb, such as when the Birds Tempo large phoenix ring bottle is one example. Of course, the court of the device is not only used Jiaomiao imitation bronze, but also reward the subjects as the.
    Jurong non-bronze antiquities, such as the Tang and Song period, the government's generic, not intentionally mislead the public, Only this court can satisfy the demand for antiquities device name. The chinese bronze on the level of technology the china bronze had reached the peak without parallel in history. Royal Decree Huizong Wang embroidery compiled "Vision and Bo Gu map", book 30 volumes, with the collections recorded by the provider to Tang Song Dynasty bronze 839. Out in the previous block-printed edition, a book or a graphic device name Note "by Yuan-like system", "reduce the kind of system," the words, namely at large or shrink according to the size of the original copy of the Shang and Zhou bronzes. Some devices also engraved antique production at the time. This is obvious and fake sub obvious differences.
Court-volume imitation bronze, one of course is a good old style, and second, for ritual purposes. "History of the Song Li Zhi," describes the "imperial world seeking ancient artifacts, but Ding Yi of the Monarch system is a" historical facts, intended to serve as Jiaomiao worship of the device. A large number of very valuable sculpture in bronze had been brought forth. Xiu "sets ancient recorded Postscript tail" also records a generic instrument to do. Brought in, the King Park has been the subject bells, but the bells are not round, are not allowed to make everyone think that King Park. And see the shape as the Zhou Dynasty bronze bell, cast Bell Park was impressed with the king not only high-skill, and abide by the regulations. When the new cast Sheng Huizong large bells, and its decoration note imitation of the shape of the Spring and Autumn Song Gong Shu Zhong.

The bronze sculpture has diverse and mature artistic styles and means of artistic expression

Device to take a more elliptical or six equal portions of trisection type way, square, rectangular container to extend the diagonal line as the boundary, with four equal portions, or eight equal portions. The bronze sculpture has diverse and mature artistic styles and means of artistic expression. Wide range of objects, all kinds of ritual life Appliances, weapons, production tools, traveling devices and musical instruments. Large castings with 600 ~ 800 mm diameter vertical copper melting furnace, pouring from the grooves. Ratio is also important objects of the alloy formed specification. Western Zhou Dynasty Tao Fan casting further promote the formation of a unique style since the mid-emergence of many new shapes, decoration. Some have special articles inside the cast inscription.
Technological progress is also reflected in the widespread use of copper-core support. Bronze and bronzes from the foot cavity connected to a closed and so on. Produced during the Shang and Zhou Tao Fan of mud, clay or sand by clay and sand preparation is made by digging, crushing, screening, mixing, stale, rubbing system and storage of other procedures (sometimes by Amoy washing and abrasive), the mud has a good copy of plasticity and can turn out fine cast pattern. The Chinese bronze statue have a profound impact on the evolution and development of art design. Most of Tao Fan calcination temperature between the 700 ~ 800 ℃, the actual soil remains, belonging to the soil range. Tao Fan a higher level of attainment of some late, hard blue, close to half of pottery or ceramic. Tao Fan early with a single mud, the Western Zhou Dynasty and the back fabric material has been divided.
To improve the yield and core permeability, core compound significantly increased the amount of sand, coarse, and mixed with large amounts of post-plant fiber or clinker. Fan cast the production of very fine, sub-surface open tenon joint is used to locate. The traditional Chinese decorative art is related to the chinese bronze. The original cast only one cavity, the business has been a type to cast mid-July to 9 of Zu Fan. Most of Tao Fan can only be used once, but Shanxi Hou Ma Chunqiu bronze Jue out of range of the workshop, can be reused more than ten times. As a result of a series of process steps, casting surface quality, especially some of the fine, clear and beautiful decoration, cast a very narrow slit, casting defects rarely achieve a good skill level. It is widely used tools in bronze on the basis of creating a world-famous and splendid culture of the Shang and Zhou bronze.
According to the kind unearthed over the years by thousands of scientific investigation, that the vast majority of the Shang and Zhou bronze casting with Tao Fan, without using the lost wax circumstances, such as four sheep to get respect and Marquis Yi of Zeng Yong Zhong as extremely complex shapes, then cast the key processes and sub-range alloy skillful use of such techniques, which form the art of the Shang and Zhou Tao Fan casting characteristics. Si Mu Wu Ding is the square china bronze used in the royal sacrifice of the late Shang Dynasty of China. Bronze Bronze Age tools of production constitutes a major factor in productivity. The bronze relics in the common hand tools knife, cone, chisel, ax, adze, cutting, drilling, sawing, etc. Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Yunnan and other provinces have found a lot of the sculpture in bronze tools, there are plow, plow, Cha, hoe, shovel, hoe, sickle, etc. classes.

The bronze water vessel of Han Dynasty were ingenious, brilliant

Sanxingdui bronze, and more are some sacrificial utensils and masks, fewer than 400, reflecting only the folk culture, and Ocean City, bronze figure, as many as seven hundred six, reflects that there is a historical situation. I: Yes, I also learned from the information on, Ocean City, bronze, is carrying the Yellow River culture, Bachu culture and Han culture, Aspect is very unique, very rich culture. The bronze sculpture at that time were concentrated on practical purposes. In addition, I also learned that Chenggu Shaanxi, Liaoning and Hunan Ningxiang Kazuo, is feeling the most scholars doubt the place, which unearthed three musical instruments, behind what is actually implied historical facts? This is the world's historians are concerned, of course, Wang about your research results, I also accept it. I think all of these areas are the city's cultural values and foreign bronze embodiment of the tourism value? Yes, it is reported, the city unearthed bronze ocean.
There are only two inscriptions, and that only a small symbol of the clan, no bronze inscriptions, would offset the value of historical research, heritage and tourism value? The bronze water vessel of Han Dynasty were ingenious, brilliant, luxurious yet graceful at the same time. Stolen song pattern, ring bands, wave pattern, re-ringed, and other fish-scale pattern into abstract geometric patterns start a new trend. Wang: I have said before, strain spirits of water downstream of this, at that time may be a military fortress, military, uniform requirements for weapons, in the management, is Cangbing the people, therefore, a sign of privatization , appeared on the cultural conditions are not realistic. In addition, the Shang Dynasty, bronze inscriptions are not common, but the Zhou dynasty, Zhou burdensome, for weapons, food control, the ritual has a number of provisions, therefore, objects of decoration and inscriptions was more than up. No inscription, only shows more distant history.
Author: Wang, at this point, have to ask you a question. Ie: I want to hear you so much bronze nude sculpture ocean city vision hope of what? Wang: Oh, we are ordinary people, think they think of Er has been, to say that there is, I think, first of all, is to continue to protect existing heritage and then carefully study its historical value and cultural value, it is best to build a decent museum, the county seems to have been in the tomb of Zhang Qian made a museum planning, If we can really build on the tourism industry will Chenggu is very beneficial. The inscriptions on the bronze wildlife sculptures during that time had involved from the bold and unstrained coarse flower into neat and small flower. By the way, for the construction of provincial "Shan Bo", adjusting our fifty pieces of bronze, is a boutique in the boutique, down, no longer allow the "above" the artifacts of random allocation Chenggu. Today I thank you, if through your publicity, the Chenggu museums to build up, if possible, also put a few of the things that my "out" (print), better left to future generations for research, In this case, I'll be satisfied.
I: Thank you again, Mr. Wang, we try it. Last year I gave two museums Shangwang wrote a proposal to establish, since the identification of the limited information available, written very superficial, and today, through A Talk with you, I have a new idea, I wrote that the proposal to re-expand. If this museum was built in Chenggu of Chenggu tourism is undoubtedly a great promotion. The bronze sculpture in later dynasties tend to direct into patterning without mysterious color. Chenggu tourism, is indeed only for the concept of culture have a way out, Chenggu culture "real situation" is very thick, ancient houses, shrines, temples, monasteries, song, folk and other local features, if more combined with museums , with the pot of rice, but also worry a bad porridge boil it? I think, just that more than 600 pieces of sculpture in bronze and three thousand other relics, enough tourists to stop for a long time in Chenggu.

One of the earliest of china bronze sculpture

Spring and Autumn Period bronze tripod, a greater emphasis on practicality, is a Zhongming Ding effective combination of food. During this period bronze tripod has been completely lost the characteristics of worship and ritual, but to be practical in daily life bronze direction. The types of the bronze sculpture vary, like the instruments for sacrifice, banquets, ceremony and ones used in the army. For example in 1966, unearthed in Shaanxi Xianyang wrong Jinyin Yun Wen Ding, Ding takes the shape of the ball flat, affixed, covered with three ring New York, rival powers slender, was animal hoof-like, the body decorated with gold and silver inlay process over the body, The tripod into revealing exquisite ornate, its noble breath of life is very strong.
Ding-type by a huge amount to the compact body, from the solemn to the flashy luxury, this historical development and change, it is the bronze itself by the function to pay homage to the gods and the evolution of the pursuit of practical function. Evolution of food-type device: Shang and Zhou dynasties unearthed bronze tableware, the Gui is most common. Gui produced in the late Shang Dynasty, Hubei Provincial Museum in the collection of a Shang Dynasty bronze taotie Gui richer features of the times. Gui with the ears, exposure, fold along the spin along the mouth of two instances under the decorative pattern, plus a ring foot under the body. Náo  is also one kind of chinese bronze sculpture. Gui is used for loading grain foods, form and function with the bowl in use today is similar.
 Zhou added tableware beans, basket used in state worship and other varieties, but in the decorative style-type biggest change is in bronze Gui. Gui Zhou Dynasty bronze shape of the ears varied, there Kuilong-shaped ears, phoenix-shaped ears and other animal ear shape, exaggerated, complex structure. Náo (鐃), one kind of cymbal, is one of the earliest of china bronze sculpture. Some bronze gui was added under the lop ears. Ring foot well and under the seat is often added, from the body to the side seat, complete change in the rotation pattern Shang simple decoration, but to Bird, Kui dragon, the beast is done and the first decorative pattern, the whole works gorgeous abnormal .
The evolution of wine-type: business of wine, drinking the wind in the Shang Dynasty slave class is extremely popular, it is more after all the times, the shape of the Shang dynasty wine most abundant species is very numerous functions is very clear, of course, there a multi-purpose device, such as MG, is both the wine and can be used to warm the drink. This sort of sculpture in bronze spreads widely in the late Shang Dynasty and adopted by the early Zhou. If the wine according to different functions, but also can be divided into Sheng wine, cooking wine, alcohol, etc., Jazz on the title, jade cup with ears, Gong, chips, corner, respect, goblet, pots and so on.
Wine-type in early and late Shang Dynasty, great changes have taken place, to the beginning of the week, there are inheritance, but Zhou alcohol, except for a few such as pot-type, and other late-type gradually disappeared in the week. It is similar to a bronze sculpture in appearance but much bigger. Among the Shang dynasty wine vessel, the drinking device "jade cup with ears" and "goblet" of-type diversity, and most beautiful. Jade cup with ears to warm wine, and Jazz styling similar, but different is the jade cup with ears and the Jazz have double column, but no flow, no tail, not for drinking. Anyang Yin Ruins tomb of Fu Hao's jade cup with ears have enough bags bronze in the taotie jade cup with ears, women good side jade cup with ears so many different styles.

The lower right corner is a china bronze knife

From handicraft, in this stage we have (a) well-developed pottery techniques. If you have been to Banpo, visited Majiayao to read it, then China's pottery technique is superb. In Daxi culture, then white pottery has been to use. Ceramic technology to provide a high-temperature metallurgy, but also provides a reducing atmosphere, is the metallurgy of these two important conditions necessary for the occurrence. A legend written in the ancient literature named the emperor of Yu cast nine bronze sculpture. Another parallel and ceramics handicraft technology is Caiyu and polish jade, jade is the jade collection and processing. Jade is a very unique Chinese culture inside a tradition in Western culture, this is extremely rare inside.
 In addition to the discovery of a small amount of Iranian suits. Jade, in fact, the concept of jade in China, inside, a lot of things that is mine, so long Caiyu copper mining practice will provide a technical background. In such circumstances, we now found sporadically century BC, five thousand relics have artificial Yetong appearance. So the bronze statue became a symbol f the nine states at that time. But its appearance is rather strange. This one is left in Shaanxi Lintong Jiangzhai found a brass sheet, brass content reached 28%. We know it is difficult to smelt brass metal, inside the other civilizations in the world, but also rare, but it did, for example in Palestine, 2000 BC, also found brass products. To the Roman period, the brass is very common material used to cast coins.
 But the brass so early is very confusing indeed. And this film also unearthed the brass upper right corner of this length is yellow brass, now broken into two parts, and it's reached the 32% zinc. The lower right corner is a china bronze knife, in Gansu Dongxiang Lin Majiayao culture found inside, it's about 3500 BC, which is a bronze sword, with 7% tin, together with two-Fan cast out, we know this is a relatively early Yetong relics. In the meantime, the bronze sculpture was on behalf of royalty.  Another one is in Liaoning Jianping Liang cattle together when the Hongshan culture found a red copper rings. To four thousand BC when the discipline, has been the rise of the Longshan culture, this time in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi more Yetong relics found. Technically speaking, this phase is parallel casting and forging, copper and bronze in parallel.
Both red and bronze was a bronze, bronze is the alloy content inside its tin content is relatively low. Can now make more certain the inference, is China's century BC, three thousand of the late Bronze Age has arrived. From this story, we can recognize the highness of the position of the chinese bronze sculpture. Thus, the arrival of Bronze Age China and the West is not the same, the West is the emergence of bronze tools, bronze weapons emerged as a symbol, while in China, my understanding should be based on the appearance of bronze ritual as a symbol. If we look at its history since then, the Chinese bronze ritual bronze industrial core.
We know that China mainly occur in the copper, there are three important occurrence period. There is assigned one of the biggest Yangtze River. In the Shang people had come to the south, has developed a copper mine resources after this, so it was possible to make the Shang Dynasty bronze casting more and more prosperity. It can be said that the collection of bronze sculpture is generated with the emergence of them. Of course, you can cast larger bronze objects. Expansion in the south at this time can be manifested in a series of important discovery in the south and a series of bronzes of the Shang dynasty Chinese city sites. North of the Yangtze River a place called Huangpi Panlongcheng now be transferred to the Wuhan City, found a small town, in this city a lot of tombs found inside, but also found a bronze workshop, now in Panlongcheng found in the early Shang Dynasty bronze bigger than the number of Zhengzhou.

Generally were four china bronze sculpture and five dings

In the ancient human mind, the whole world is filled with all kinds of strange spirits, some of them were masters of the fate or friends, and some experts and human disturbance of the demons. Ancient humans will all natural or social disasters are the property of trouble with the demons. Get rid of ghosts and goblins are important activities of primitive people. This activity is usually called evil. Different numbers and diverse combinations of gui and bronze sculpture revealed corresponding status and aristocratic identity. Such as Si Mu Wu Fang Ding, it is composed of fine decorative moire foil embossed with Animal Mask-style theme, overall appearance of a symmetrical grim symbol of royal majesty Animal Face, is the business end of bronze masterpiece.

    In the Shang and Zhou decoration, you can see the deification of animals to ward off evil man-eating ways. This monster with a totem animal predation image of evil, reflects the struggle of God and the devil, but also reflects the twists and turns of the struggle between man and nature. Generally were four china bronze sculpture and five dings, six and seven or eight and nine, indicating the level of status. Tiger cannibalism wine container, copper body for Huju sit-shaped, with tiger claws and tail for the device after the three support points, while the tiger's paw is a strong grab with one foot off the hair and Municipal person, as devoured like, style is very realistic and vivid. The most typical of the funeral system must be the lie ding (bronze sculpture lining system).This wine container shape complex, and shows the skill of casting. We can be understood as to ward off evil, reflecting the tiger eat a ghost, the myth; animals can also be said that everyone hugged, people practice the shaman; Some believe that the tiger is a fetish, man-eating tiger is Heaven .

    Bronze images of the natural variation means more to the performance, the most common Yunlei Wen, vortex lines and water ripples, this decoration was commonly used as a decorative ring to be filled with decorative belt and a large area of ground sub on, also known as ground grain. Nobilities of distinct ranks would be distinguished in the amount of funeral chinese bronze sculpture. This variation of the phenomenon not only the heritage of the original settlers came from the attempt to use imagination to transcend reality way of thinking, also showed the slave era by social class, bronze sculpture power, stimulate awareness of the illusion. There were certain rules about the application of, hence the expression lie ding. Three-dimensional, relief-style taotie, Kui pattern, etc., set off a line carved Yunlei Wen and other shading, form dense complex patterns. Strong religious feelings in the highlights on the bronze, mysterious strange, compelling momentum.

    China experienced a major development of bronze Xia, Shang and Zhou three historical periods, during which the bronzes from the dignified style of the art style turned solemn and simple, simple, clean style, while the social function from bronze ritual with the ritual gradually transformed into practical apparatus. As for the china bronze sculpture in the Warring States, there were techniques of gold-silver-inlaid and lost wax. By dignified bronze decoration taotie, Kui rhythmic pattern to steal music pattern, ring bands, and further development of clean coil Chi Wen, pleasures, all words and other patterns, during which animal decoration grim supernatural magic waning until the loss.

Chinese bronze culture, with its unique craftsmanship and skill of casting techniques, long history and rich text content for the world treasure. The later one is a precision casting method of bronze sculpture. She is not only a Chinese cultural treasure-house of treasures, but also the essence of the world's cultural treasures. Number of bronzes unearthed large and long history, is unique, according to historical records from the Western Han Dynasty Shenjue four years (58 years ago), the only variety of bronzes unearthed in Shaanxi, which amounts to around ten thousand as much as nationwide, the number on the more substantial.

The situation that no sacrificial chinese bronze

Before the late Western Zhou Dynasty characters and the image of God in a different, closer to people's true colors. In the first place, different feudal estates gave rise to diversity of the bronze sculpture culture in the early period of these two countries. At a time when the proportion of very few characters, but after all characters entered in the decoration of bronze, which reveal the culture at this time, the emphasis on reality. Ceremony Disintegration into the Warring States period, as a historical theme of people have walked onto the stage. Zuo Duke Huan of six records.
Fu Man, Lord God, is holy Wang Xiancheng people dedicated to God and then. People have been mentioned first, God is reduced to a secondary position. Best embodies the big change from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period Bronze and Etched on the prevalence of mosaic images, or those located within the outer end of the Bronze decorative figures show is a living activities. The shapes and types of bronze sculpture of Qin has a great impact on the Western Zhou culture. Such bronze in Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hunan and other provinces have found that the distribution of a wide range. These screens can be seen from the author's real-life concerns.
Of the subject matter is broad, mostly aristocratic life, including feast, dance, practice shooting, picking mulberry, Ge, and land and water necessary condition for battles and other scenes shot, and many plot reflects the prevailing social outlook, which is unprecedented. Therefore, Chu was less influenced by Zhou’s culture of china bronze sculpture. In addition, statues of people in large numbers, this is one feature of the Bronze Age, such as from the tomb of the bronze bell on the image of the young warrior, wearing a flat circular crown, sword around his waist, the brow glow with one kind of British Gas.
Sanmenxia Ridge village unearthed kneel on the seat were painted lacquer lamps, engine light hands kneel sit to handle, comb side bun, wearing a hairpin, the right of junction dressed in robes, belted waist with hook fastening. The situation that no sacrificial chinese bronze sculpture or less importance on them in the early Chu did has something to do with the custom of the barbarians. All these phenomena are strongly beckons humanity in this era of recovery, the community also filled from the divine to highlight the humanity into the era of era. While the statues and ornamentation characters are different, but with Reiji's collapse, coupled with advances in technology bronze, bronze categories increased, people become statues in bronze as part of construction, which does reflect the social and ideological changes.
In a certain sense the characters as decoration in bronze statues on the understanding of a mutation and extension, also regarded as a decoration in society through methods of thought, especially when large numbers of people when the statues, we should not ignore their existence. Second, the Two differs in the degrees of the attention to the ritual sculpture in bronze. Through the above analysis, we change the Shang and Zhou bronze decoration can be seen, the return of human nature is divine aptitude ideas developed during this period the general trend. Han dynasty bronze mirror of the "abstract". Chance, to the antique market in a large bronze mirror that side.
Bronzes from the initial performance of the deity of the taotie things ghosts and spirits to diffuse concern about the social reality, focusing on reality, and then developed to highlight the humanity, the completion of a return to humanity by God aptitude. Of course, this return is based on the unique social development of China-based. The bronze sculpture of Shang Dynasty mostly were funerary vessels. This was also the Chinese culture. Premature "a performance. From the very beginning, the shapes of Qin’s ritual generally inclined to be small. This from the divine to the human nature eventually return, laid the pattern for future development of Chinese culture, so that China and the West to embark on a completely different path of development that focus on this side of the world, and less on the other side the world.

The ancient chinese bronze sculpture can always impress and amaze the people

Waitress figurines Bc-7: a complete, molded solid cast. Hammerhead, comb in the post, wearing a cross collar narrow sleeves left junction close pleated skirt, underwear inside a round neck, around his waist band down in the knee, a round face and large ears, slightly squint; hands holding a tilting circular cylinder in the chest, hands and the next thing on the care tapered, round mouth full of shoes, rectangular plate-shaped pedestal stand. -High 17.4, chest width 6.5 cm. Bc a waitress 8 figurines: a complete, molded solid cast. Coupled with the method of co-model casting that one model normally can merely make one bronze sculpture. Hammerhead, comb in, the jacket wide collar gown, underwear inside a round neck, pleated skirt beneath the dense, waist down in the knee with Jian; round face and big ears, squint.
 His hands holding a towel on the chest, towel sparse painting objects on a roll like wearing shoes, standing on a round mouth rectangular plate-shaped pedestal. -High 17.2, chest width of 6 cm. Waitress figurines Bc-16: a complete, solid cast molded, double bun, wearing a cross collar narrow sleeves left junction close pleated dress, elegant skirt hem, waist thing hanging on the knee, round face strabismus dignified; right hand under the grip, left hand grasping a long strip object, round mouth full of shoes, feet apart and standing on a rectangular plate-shaped pedestal. -High 11.5, chest width of 6 cm. Rare is two bronze statue that are exactly the same. Waitress figurines Bc-13: a complete, molded solid cast. Hammerhead, wide collar long jacket suits, underwear within a round neck, around his waist belt, down to the knee, pleated skirt, under a dense cover the foot.
 Hands at waist level before the end of a candlestick, a round face and large ears, head, side Zhuang Qingxiu, standing on a square platform. -High 10.8, chest width 3.5 cm. Waitress figurines Bc-2: a complete, molded solid cast. Therefore, every piece of china bronze sculpture looks different resulting in broaden the view of art appreciation. Double bun, wearing a cross collar pleated skirt left junction covered foot close tight sleeves, waist belt hanging on the back, a round face and large ears, handsome and dignified, head; right hand under the care, the top left hand side bar in front of the shape of Yan; standing on a long plate-shaped platform. -High 10.5, chest width of 6 cm.
Horse Bc-17: Hall of the Ministry of residual intra-abdominal hollow, molded combination; mouth curved neck, decorated bridle bells hanging on the neck; saddle bridge, saddle blanket, earthworm, sheath, stirrup taste, drooping tail attached to the leg; vivid style, standing on the rectangular plate-shaped pedestal. 13-high, rubber diameter 5 cm. Incense Bc-18: a complete, straight mouth rim, two sides straight ears, light off belly, belly round bottom arc, puff, three round feet. High 10, abdominal diameter 7 cm. Particularly is one of the top-quality bronze sculpture. Chopsticks Bc-25: Complete. Length 25.5, thickness O. 37 cm. Bc a 29 seat aircraft activities: disabled.
21.5 parts long chair structure, thickness 0.5 cm. Coupons to buy land: Ying was the top-shaped, the local red sand stone, weathered hook strict hygiene is not read. Planar square, the top side 40, the lower part of side length 60, thickness 13 cm. Koji engraved on three years (1490). Qingshen ceremonial funerary figurines collection of Ming Dynasty, the Ming tombs for our study provides a valuable physical information. The ancient chinese bronze sculpture can always impress and amaze the people. These objects are very distinctive, high craftsmanship, rich in content, style of the times more obvious. Bronze figurines of various shapes, reflecting the prevailing artistic standards.

The new generation of collectors appeared after chinese bronze

Collection of small pieces of bronze and the auction market price of investment. Bronze a wide range of small items, including life appliances (bronze mirror, hook, wash bottles, lamps, burn stove, iron, coke top Guoqi), traveling with (axis ornaments, jewelry, House, Joseph Bell, horses and other crown ), and currency, weights and measures, Fu, seals and so on. Their compact design, unique style, is a rare art. Chinese bronze sculpture has emerged from everywhere around the world. Small pieces in bronze statue, in addition to bronze mirrors, have been the ancient Indian system of currency and collectors, other miscellaneous devices are rarely purchased possession.
     Extensive use of small pieces of bronze relief carving peace process, and more Animal Mask, and covered the body. Its shape and decoration combines the vitality of nature and endless beautiful rhythm, a bit more romantic and subtle especially auspicious. Collection of small pieces of bronze, can be described in a set of quality and taste. However, the traditional habit, investors always focus on the bronze ritual. The china bronze sculpture is also the symbol of world civilization. Currently acquiring small pieces of bronze has not caused widespread concern, if to seize the opportunity, when a wise move. In the paintings, porcelain case of high prices, there will be collectors noted the high end of the ancient bronze pieces are suitable for the collection of small things.
The new generation of collectors appeared after chinese bronze, according to its adherence to tradition, emphasizing academic behavior speculated that high small pieces of ancient bronze should be taken seriously again, and now began to cut into the collection is a good time. Bronze collection is not who can play, Xia Ding devices business, has always been a national treasure weighing equipment. This is how bronze sculpture is born. In the national museum system, the bronze collection is a landmark, a central place. Survive in the world because of its less, age-old, high market value, several hundred of millions, so the truly noble antique collections on the market, I am afraid none other than non-bronze. For private collectors, the general can only stare at the small pieces, because the market price is only million or slightly more ordinary fans a little tiptoe Hing Wah Street West, or to buy into.
Bronze collection traps are more concentrated in areas of large bronzes, small pieces of the current does not seem genuine shortage. Although the state of the bronze trade restrictions, making the most of the unearthed bronze and missed the market, but with the increase of overseas returning bronze, bronze on the domestic market, the stock market is expected to warming. With good ductility, the bronze sculpture is suitable for founding all kinds of containers. CCTV broadcast a year ago, "Kam Po" program, a provider of advanced bronze Jue by experts estimates of the price of 8 million, while the same field a few private collections, a Qing Dynasty "Jinling eight." Fan Qi of the landscape experts estimate 80 million, a payment on behalf of the tiger-shaped pillow Cizhou expert valuation of $ 100,000, a modern expert valuation ring of $ 150,000, while the comic book "Magic Pen Ma Liang," the original, expert valuation is $ 80,000. Although three thousand years ago a small bronze pieces, the audience actually the lowest price, is striking. Experts estimate is wrong? Or the market is the market?

The style of the china bronze sculpture

Shang bronze decoration gone from simple to complex development process. The early Shang Dynasty, taotie has become a decorative theme, others such as Xianwen, oblique squares, nipple lines, Pente lines and vortex lines and the like and more as a supplementary decoration. Tail forked for taotie fishtail, and some catfish up top, strong hook inward roll. Taotie whole broad-line kind of surface composition, rough refreshing. In summary, bronze sculpture of ancient China is the carrier and witness of material object of the historical development. Shang bronzes modeling reflects the symmetry, balance, stability, and the actual situation, moving, give us a visual sense of beauty. Shang bronze culture inherited the tradition of two inside the culture, to bronze-age civilization of bronze filled.
"Collection Trends": how to use a theme that reflects the art and beauty of bronze? On Jackie Chan: We start with the plastic arts point of view. To this exhibition taotie jar and turquoise inlay ax, the two objects are national treasures. Among them, the jar of the process is very complex, with bronze for the child, first cast out the tank, then a taotie turquoise inlay. This ax, the design is very compact. Particularly, the bronze statue of Shang and Zhou dynasties attracted the most attention.  Ax is a symbol of authority, like the Chinese character "Wang", which is the "ax" the word evolved from the pictographic text. Yue itself is very heavy, but this piece by Yue hollow to form a contrast to the actual situation, a virtual one real, see the exquisitely carved into thick, and reduce weight, which is its superb place, full of traditional Chinese aesthetic concept.
"Collection Trend": bronze is bronze in the weighing machine, then, from an artistic point of view, how to appreciate the Bronze? On Jackie Chan: late Shang and early bronze, very different. The early Shang Dynasty bronze in one ear and a foot between the vertical lines; and the late Shang Dynasty will be placed three feet between the ears. This design change shape, making the United States had a balance. The evolutive progress of the style of the china bronze sculpture and its developments display the ancient Chinese civilization. The late Shang Dynasty bronzes in general have a well-proportioned beauty. From the production process analysis, when people focus on casting skills, often unnoticed form the United States. Therefore, the shape is never conscious to conscious aesthetic of a development, when entering a conscious modeling stage, mature.
This early Shang Dynasty bronze, is square, the late Shang Dynasty, the square becomes a rectangle, and why? Because the rectangle gives the impression that more stable, which is the plastic arts. "Collection Trends": that is how the decorative arts reflected in it? On Jackie Chan: this show is the nipple pattern Shang decorative beauty. The exquisite chinese bronze sculpture further proves that China is one of the four civilized ancient countries of the world.  It's the overall pattern is a pattern up and down about four repeat units to form a continuous expansion, the four consecutive, very suitable for large area to do the decorative bronze. The symmetrical, continuous, is a feature of the Shang dynasty arts, crafts.
As for this side respect, looks fine, is a masterpiece of the Shang Dynasty bronze in patterns. It is the three patterns, antique row said, "three flowers", which means this. Ancient Chinese bronze sculpture is indispensable material information to study the human history today. Respect for the whole body to Yunlei Wen Fang, the embossed taotie, dragons as a principal, and dragons do taotie incised lines on purpose to make the eyes more animal decoration drum sheets, further raised, not only highlights the theme patterns, and the formation of rich layers of visual effects. "Collection Trends": the art of calligraphy which is mainly reflected in the beauty of bronze on?

Ancient Chinese bronze sculpture is one category of the ancient cultural relic of China

This method can only be harmful for the bronze rust partial treatment, or bronze on the mineralized layer will be destroyed. Reduction with zinc or aluminum metal, the electrolyte solution of 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Covered by rust on the inscriptions and ornamentation, this method handle can be displayed Microhyla inscription, very good. From time to time, he sent to tangle with the Pans, using gentle methods and force and trying to glom on to the bronze sculpture. In recent years, many private collectors began to focus on the collection of bronze, bronze for the authenticity of identification, many people may be difficult to grasp. Bronze is the product of a certain historical period, they are primarily commercial, Zhou, Qin, Han era of cultural relics.
Now collectors as needed during the identification of rich historical heritage of knowledge, but often little is known about the majority in this so difficult for many collectors to identify the authenticity of bronze, for losses. I, as a common heritage and cultural workers, is the identification and collection of bronzes On the twelve reference for enthusiasts. He commanded peopled to safeguard the bronze statue day and night in case of emergency. The late Shang period of China's central bronze, it stands at the peak of the slave culture of the times, it creates not only directly affect the experience was different disciplines of the arts, but also directly inherited by the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Especially in the late Shang Dynasty bronze the rapid development of manufacturing industry, the development period of two weeks to lay the foundation for making China's bronze culture reached its first peak.
Yin Ruins and archaeological cultural era of the late Shang Dynasty bronze roughly, due to lack of early and mid-bronze found, is hard to clearly determine its limit. Belonging to the late Shang Dynasty bronze, found objects are more self-Xin Wu Ding Zhidi period has been systematically carried out in phases can be studied. Shang bronze culture is divided into early, middle and late 3, while the upper limit of the late Shang Dynasty, there exist differences. There are two mainstream academic view. Ancient Chinese bronze sculpture is one category of the ancient cultural relic of China. First, that the culture of the late Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins culture; first two from the Yin Ruins is that since the late late Wuding culture. And on this basis, the late Shang Dynasty bronze on stage there is great controversy. Stages of the late Shang Dynasty bronze main problems
Include: Zou Heng in the 'On the Yin Ruins cultural stage "in the four said; Zhang Changshou to 1976 years ago unearthed bronze-based will be divided into three; there Ma Cheng Yuan," China Bronze "in the before and after the two proposed paragraph; Zhufeng Han in "Ancient Chinese Bronze" in the proposed "three five paragraphs to say" and so on. The following will be based on historical data and the results of archaeological excavations carried out in phases of the late Shang Dynasty bronze and dating. China bronze sculpture has a great variety and a huge number.
"Historical Records of Yin Ji" contains more detailed Pangeng to Wuding things: "Since the D has been spent and more appropriate legislation all the disciples, disciples, or competing on behalf of the legislation, more than nine world disorder, so towards princes Mo. Yang A, the Yin bad, Pangeng five moved to Xiao Xin Fu bad, people think Pangeng, is to "Pangeng" three, thinking revival Yin, Fu to get tax Wuding phase, and after the Yin Road revival. The fine craftsmanship of the bronze sculpture allows us to deeply experience the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors. Bronze art the essence of these valuable, showing the ancient Chinese bronze smelting technology from its peak of prosperity rise to the development of the course.

The china bronze sculpturecarved or cut with tools or made from chemical corrosion

Bronze because of its unique artistic and cultural content, in the collection of circles is considered a high-end collectibles. With in-depth knowledge of bronze, more and more people began to like bronze, with the market, who will take advantage of fraud, security is especially important. Bronze, copper is an alloy with other chemical elements such as copper and tin alloy is tin bronze, copper and lead alloys for lead alloy, ancient Chinese Zhou Dynasty bronze "Gold" or "guitar gold." Stage in the development of human technology, the use of bronze weapons and tools of the era, known as the Bronze Age. Fourth is a real bronze sculpture with forged inscriptions. Our ancestors may not have thought of, in the Bronze Age has become history today, the bronze has become a collector of many things to play with, and all kinds of fakes also filled with bronze antique market size, so that collectors keep track of. To the detection of forgeries.
We must first understand in what way are those who cheat the fake. According to experts, there are four ways to fake bronze. The bronze statue also includes two situations. The new do for the old bronze with acid, and then on the old rust set in bronze, in this way "drill" slap in the old rust was light considering, do not look at device type. So taken, it is a pity. Embedded in the old rust general election rim, decoration, and so easy to see parts of the ear, the old bronze rust is scraped from the old to the new device up the paste. Such as the old methods of identification is not to just look at the old rust, identify objects up to the overall authenticity.
After an old engraving method objects, the above is not decoration, was engraved, carved nuanced. This identification method is to look at objects, there is no packet groove and rust-colored pulp, if it is a new moment, the groove in the package plasma certainly be destroyed. Also, what should be there during the period of decoration-type, such as Han Su Ding, Warring States period, if the engraved decoration, is certainly mistaken. Residual control devices on the market as a whole, odd-type thing we must note that there may be some residual devices put together. First, all the chinese bronze sculpture is a whole pseudo-inscription. For example, the bottom half with earthenware vessel made of a tripod; with pot into Gui and so on. This fake way to see most in the market, so when confronted with strange-type things, the buyer must be careful.
Post new tires and old skinMade a new artifacts, the old skin pattern based on real objects carved out of carved bronze, like the old stuff and paste it into a new device up and do most of the high-relief work. This depends on the child objects in the same way as rust and rust-colored skin. Identification of the concept of Bronze. The china bronze sculpturecarved or cut with tools or made from chemical corrosion. Identification of learning and research bronze bronze this important part of the discipline, it not only contains the basics of many bronze, bronze but also study and research in the field of a comprehensive, high-level content. Generally speaking, the bronze age and authenticity of the identification consists mainly of two aspects of the identification.

Various species are related to many types of the china bronze sculpture

Warring States and Qin Qing bronze mirror bronze mirror of the button is another button in advance for the range, and its volume is small, its geometry is two and the middle as wide, specifically for this lack of raw silk for the degree (slope), the volume is very small the button, the basic problem there is no stripping, because the mold can be free from all directions outward draft. This bronze sculpture weighs up to 2567 kg. However, the Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror is fixed to the mold on the button after the button is in the range of the center, and must ram Fan Fan with bronze mirror while stripping the whole, bronze mirror button parts Draft lost freedom, not raw silk button Ministry degree it is difficult to mold the.
In order to ram Fanhou Shun Lee stripping, the Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror must be two of the three-stringed lute button widen and increase the slope, so that the button's degree of raw silk produced in both directions, after the ejection ram can be successfully Fan, this is the Western Han Dynasty Bronze mirror Bronze mirror on the middle of a narrow two three-stringed lute wide reasons, but also with the Warring States bronze mirror, bronze mirror QIN Qing sanxian button on a key different from Peugeot. The general characteristic of the bronze statue in Eastern Zhou Dynasty is the large quantity. Through the above discussion is not difficult to understand, Warring States bronze mirror, Qin Qing bronze mirrors, among the Western Han Dynasty bronze mirror in process technology there is a more definite difference.
Warring States bronze mirror mode to fight against the grain used to process and bronze mirror Fan Fan button embedded in the process, to fight against the grain of the seam all the more clearly reflected in the Warring States bronze mirror of land lines in the vividly. Various species are related to many types of the china bronze sculpture. As the era of the Warring States bronze mirror with a button embedded in Fan Fan craft, bronze mirrors, and button Fan Fan are subject to dry, and the calcination process, the two processes of shrinkage and deformation are impossible to guarantee program size. In the process of embedding button Fan Fan Fan with embedded metal tolerance can not be like today with so closely, if not embedded into the Fan button, the only two choices, one is the center of the bronze mirror Fan square hole or round hole-hole by grinding large, and the second button is the square or round grinding of small diameter range, until the date embedded in the bronze range of the mirror.
But no matter which grinding, are manual, not like today's lathe as there is sufficient accuracy. To the Spring and Autumn period, due to the frequent wars, the chinese bronze sculpture stopped to be produced. The final results are the same, making the buttons easier to produce the Warring States bronze mirror eccentric phenomenon. QIN Qing bronze mirrors that continue to use the Warring States bronze mirror in Fan Fan button embedded in the process, so, Qin Qing bronze mirror button on the case and the Warring States sculpture in bronze exactly the same, the difference is QIN Qing bronze mirror over land lines to fight against the process The model produced a total land lines, so the Warring States Period, Qin Qing bronze mirror and bronze mirror only difference between the full grain in a seamless manner.

To provide inexpensive high-quality sculpture in bronze

Gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and other metal materials, or metal-based materials supplemented by other materials, processing, handicrafts made of bronze figure. With thick, powerful, luxurious, elegant, sophisticated style. Complete variety, excellent quality and acceptable price of our bronze sculpture will make us mutual profitable.  Bronze metal crafts mainly in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Shandong and other places. China's first metal bronze handicrafts Majiayao mid-Neolithic culture, and later of Jia Dawenkou culture unearthed the ruins of copper bronze handicrafts. Shang Dynasty bronze handicrafts appear gold. Warring States period, combined with a variety of metal materials and metal and nonmetal materials (jade, glass) with crafts made of bronze. Han can produce delicate filigree knitting, Duilei and mosaic products. Tang Dynasty musical instruments metal, especially silver, bronze crafts crafts heyday, creating a relief-like artistic effects of gold and silver chisel cutting process.
In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing about the millennium, due to advances in smelting technology, the increase in metal materials, metal bronze handicrafts has been great development, not only a variety of metals and a variety of materials and use of bronze arts and crafts, and a variety of process of combining nude statues handicrafts. We do our best to promise you the bronze sculpture of reasonable price and quick delivery. Famous ancient Chinese bronze metal crafts Shang bronze, gold and silver Warring States Period wrong, the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror and jewelry, Ming Xuande furnace, the Qing Dynasty cloisonne. 1970s and 1980s, there was aluminum, titanium, platinum and other metal bronze wildlife sculptures crafts, and innovation to fill the corrosion paint, colored titanium oxide cathode and the negative oxygen ion plating, and other new technology. China's Tibetan, Mongolian, Miao and other ethnic minorities of the metal is also very famous bronze handicrafts.
Organization of production of various historical periods vary. In ancient times, bronze metal crafts, mostly enjoyed by the nobility, especially precious metals bronze handicrafts, handicraft is more dominated by the court official. As the metal material of the Tang Dynasty, there have been civil production. Your satisfaction to our bronze sculpture is what we are striving for. Song has silver shop. Production of silver increased civil Yuan. Ming and Qing dynasties are more people making metal bronze angel crafts flourished, mainly in the form of silver front shop floor, there are individual craftsmen take the street door to door manufacture. After the 1950s, the factory, the business sector distribution. Crafts by Chinese bronze metal materials can be divided into gold, silver, bronze (including antique copper, bronze plaques, etc.), tin, iron and paintings. Divided by use of real goods, and jewelry displays three categories.
Real products with bottles, plates, stove, pot, copper kettles, silver cutlery and tin wine, tea sets and other household utensils, and Buddhist religious items such as minutes, exhausted, furnace, bell, etc. We are the best for the customer to provide inexpensive high-quality sculpture in bronze. Such practical bronze handicrafts generally by casting, forging, carving, engraving, welding, and other embedded technology, with similar relief decoration, different from the general commodities. Displays a screen, wall decorations, ornaments, Jushi, horse ornaments, car accessories, all kinds of antique items such as tripod, smoked, stewed, Gu, MG and so on. There are first hairpin jewelry, rings, bracelets, necklaces, earrings, tie clips, cuff links, brooches, flower collar. In addition, the combination of practical and decorative bronze metal crafts, such as canes, swords, watches, fountain pens, thermometers, etc.

Three Shang bronze angel sculptures decoration with Animal Mask

Its interpretation is the use of gluttonous goes around, comes around the retribution concepts to rule people's behavior, not to reveal the kind of decoration of religious significance, so that is not desirable. The fours sides of the bronze nude sculpture sculpture are designed with ox horns and animal face as well as two Kui dragons. Recognized by the academic world, to more accurately reveal the Shang bronze decoration of religious thought is 5 years Spring declared in the public records of the Sun-full of words: Xi Xia Fang Youde also, the distance map objects, Kun Kim nine, animal husbandry, ZD like material, prices and whom prepared, so that people know that God evil. Therefore, people Ruchuan Ze mountains, if not every not; demons and monsters, every of monensin. Association for the upper and lower energy use, to Edward Hugh.
Mr. Yu Weichao that when the full meaning is: honors soaring, will be able to resist the intrusion ghosts, so that demons and monsters, exemplifies every of then the image on the tripod summer should be dispelled of the gods demons and monsters, learning to see three generations on the bronze wildlife sculptures image of deified animals, of course, is a symbol of the gods. This bronze sculpture presents a mysterious sense and ferocious beauty. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi that ritual is used on the animal Association in the upper and lower, that is, through heaven and earth to help the shaman tools, between man and God through the bridge? The two most popular view is that the authority of the academic point of view, we say that Mr. Yu Weichao closer to direct these bronze dancer sculpture decoration is content, but he did not demonstrate what these gods in the end, reflecting the kind of religious thought, which is our further analysis.
Two? Brain hills, Hunan Ningxiang old granary of the North Peak mountain and beach, etc. Shandong Tai'an County are found in the mountains of bronze sacrificial burial pits, scholars believe that they are used to worship mountains, lakes, wind and rain and the stars. This piece of art deco bronze sculptures is the third square ding among the ones of Western Zhou. We think they have a feature that is used to worship God, the emperors was often held in Mount Hao Tian Fengshan gift to worship God, worship God, the activities of such a long time. Understanding of the bronze is used as a ritual sacrifice people Appliances ancestors, gods and natural God, then its the shape and ornamentation should be concerned with these gods. Between them is exactly what kind of relationship, but also the shape of the Shang dynasty bronzes and to sort out the specific details of decoration and its real analysis.
Three Shang bronze angel sculptures decoration with Animal Mask (taotie) and the main patterns of various animals, Animal Mask is a patchwork of various animals, a collection of fantasy animals, and animals showing a pattern is the basic reality of the species of animal images. The bronze sculpture is exquisitely made and produced in fabulous modeling. They express Yan Renzu first concept of worship and nature worship, ancestor is the concept of Yin God and natural image of God. Animal Mask is a strange beast's head, a positive image to the contours of thick composition, large nose, eyes, Yuan Deng, eyes bright and piercing, double-angle bend, with real animals, real animals in the shadow and non-specific image.
Narrow bend his body or soma is a class of snakes result of patterning, or tiger, cow and other animal body. The body is under the animal or bird claw feet, the entire image showing a variety of animals complex. Animal Mask Di angle according to their different angles, can be divided into leader, tiger, sheep head, giraffe angle, Tau, and so on. Animal Mask Yin showed the image of the tribal totem ancestors. In a word, the sculpture in bronze is a magnum opus of typical significance in the sacrificial vessels of Shang and Zhou. According to national research scientists, the original tribal totem ancestor some fantasy animals. Such as Australia's original peoples that their ancestors were originally some strange animal, or between man and animals, a mixture, or almost impossible to express, and amorphous objects, they do not have any definite organs and limbs, almost not draw the contours of their body parts.

The progress of the Chinese bronze statue has undergone the Xia

Current international bronze trade development of these new trends and issues in countries around the world economic and trade development had a profound impact and therefore a dialectical view of the current bronzes of China's international trade environment, we must see opportunities in challenges, but also to see the hidden opportunities in the challenges we must establish a global strategic awareness further improve the level of opening up to create more space and more favorable conditions for domestic development. They regarded the bronze as their ancestor, relative or guardian gods. Third, the revelation of the bronze trade conditions on the development of international bronze trade deal with the economic and trade relations between the great powers, and to expand China's economic development of the external space, the United States, Europe, ASEAN is a global bronze largest trading nation (Group).
Japan, Russia, is also China's important trade partners in 2004, bronze trade in China and the European Union, the United States, Japan and ASEAN are more than 1000 billion, respectively, to reach $ 177.3 billion, $ 169.6 billion, $ 167.9 billion and $ 105.9 billion, accounting for half of the total foreign trade in China. Hence, they worshipped and adored the bronze with incomparable piety. Bronze trade between China and Russia, although the relatively small, but the two sides in the oil and gas and mineral resources, high-tech the prospects of cooperation in the field is very broad. Further promote the development of economic and trade relations with these countries and regions to a higher level and broader scope, related to the overall situation of China's foreign economic work.
The positive development of regional economic cooperation and multilateral trade relations, promote establish the global free bronze trade system is conducive to economic development in regional economic cooperation have a significant economic and political significance. We should conscientiously implement the China - ASEAN free trade zone goods bronze trade agreements, promote the Greater Mekong Subregion bronze trade facilitation continue to promote Shanghai Cooperation Organization member countries to achieve new progress in economic and trade cooperation to a more open global multilateral bronze trading system, in line with the long-term interests of WTO Members, including China, we should actively promote the WTO Doha Round negotiations to play a constructive role in multilateral further play my economic and trade system and actively participate in the activities of the United Nations and other multilateral international organizations, UNCTAD, UNDP and other agencies of the United Nations. The dragon patterns, kui dragon patterns, phoenix patterns and cicada patterns of the bronze are some of the proof.
To accelerate the transformation of foreign trade growth mode of China The increase in the number of the main mode of growth by more and more constraints must speed up the foreign trade mainly from the increase in the number to change to quality should continue to implement and improve the export tax rebate policy to ensure steady growth of exports at the same time, make great efforts to shift export growth. pay close attention to labor-intensive exports of structural adjustment, improve the quality, grade and price of the export of textile, light industry, household appliances and other advantages; increased vegetables, fruits, flowers and other advantages of agro-49 products are generally bronze trade policy support, and strive to achieve zero rate of export of agricultural products. The progress of the Chinese bronze statue has undergone the Xia, Shang and Zhou three historical periods.

The bronze statue medal and some deeper implications

The half-human, half-birds of the ancient Shu people on the basis of the totem ancestors of the concept of the same totem God fowl of the air. Concept. Sanxingdui bronze totem of the culture period, the eyes of the ancient Shu people God is half human, half altar K2: 296's basic shape and structure preserved complete, seater, Yamagata seat and the top of the construction of four parts. I unearthed in Sanxingdui sacrificial pits "altar" artifacts "I argue in the objects through the high 5314 cm, and its structure is distinctive by the" zoomorphic seat, stand, according to the structural analysis of the artifacts that from the next in the first tier should be through heaven and earth Fetish "second layer of earth, the third layer ladder between heaven and earth, mountains, set up the altar, should be Yufu's Shu Hill for the sector, heaven, earth This fetish of two worlds, through the ladder of the mountain on the world land in order to communicate with heaven and community, the fourth layer. This bronze is very rare in the Western Zhou Dynasty, however.
The whole objects show scene is not like for the performance of the ritual while thinking that it shows the theme of is that the performance of the shaman with the "012 cm, Fang Yi, Zhang Mei big eyes, straight nose, wide mouth. submandibular by the ancient legends we have experienced in many of our ancient national worship of nature. The bronze was created by single mould. Sanxingdui The bronze culture of the ancient Shu people also impressed by the power of nature's of natural worship was five-body cast to one. of celestial bodies worship ritual pit unearthed in the six sun-shaped device, these sun-shaped device the shape of the wheel. sun-shaped device of the part of the diameter of the middle of the sun 28, high 615 cm, Mans five Mans 516 - 11 cm wide. external halo width 614, with a diameter of 84 cm. these sun-shaped burial pits were unearthed relics of Sanxingdui bronzes Sanxingdui bronzes clearly tells us that the native symbol of Sanxingdui bronze culture of the ancient Shu people worship the sun.
 Burial pits were unearthed three "altar" was burnt residue, but "God, burial pits were unearthed 71" eye shape "eye-shaped sub-diamond. Obtuse triangle, right triangle, the three shapes. Whole seems to be the diamond. Then what did the man-made melting bronze occur?  The obtuse triangle by two up and down fight synthetic diamond, synthetic diamond right triangle shall be from four to fight. Some scholars believe that these "eye-shaped" eye-shaped K2 202, for example, long 5712, and 2316 cm wide, try like 180 cm tall, the length of its unilateral no more than 6 cm. Accordingly, I believe that "eye shape" is a description of the image of the sun. The burial pits were also excavated a number of sun-related artifacts. Such as "mosaic decoration of the statues eye, the author has said that there are differing views.
Asked how large statue can be equipped with embedded so huge eyes large bronze stature, bronze ornaments," and "scallop-shaped copper ornaments "round copper ornaments," "Green, 24 bronzes from Sanxingdui culture shaped ornaments" of the original religious view of the ancient Shu people. I think in the artifacts unearthed in Sanxingdui bronze sacrificial pits "altar" in human stature bronze ornaments "should be upside down placement. Because, as long as this time has been set, we can access to the bronze.  The bottom like a part of the goblet-shaped mountain, an abstract representation of the way, the upper column of the mountain trees, reflects surface meaning should be the Minshan on if the wood. Also, according to the plaques in the shape of the sun when Zhi Su - similar to the shape of "the ancient word that Sunset Minshan places in the - if the wood is attached to the bronze statue medal and some deeper implications.

Poetries have shown extreme admiration for the bronze statue

First, the independence of monetary policy are being seriously challenged. Countries, although capital controls in China, partially liberalized capital account, is still in the process of expanding and opening, the impact of capital flows on exchange rates will continue to be enhanced. Large number, complete types, clever ideas, and fabulous decorations are the special characters of the bronze. Recalling that since 2004 the central bank's regulatory process can be seen, but the deposit interest rate levels are still below the more than 1 percent of the general price level, despite the measures taken to improve the tightening of interest rates and deposit reserve ratio and interest rate as the adjustment of macroeconomic operation of the key monetary policy tool, the flexible use of space was extremely restricted.
At the current exchange rate mechanism, the foreign exchange reserves, a sharp rise will inevitably lead to the constantly increasing base money. Caused increase in China's foreign exchange reserves, foreign exchange increased to accelerate the growth of money supply, the central bank must RMB open market sterilization operations. Priceless inscriptions, patriarchal clan system hidden in the sacrificial bronze have granted China unique and peerless charm. Proportion of foreign exchange in the monetary base has more than 75% decline in the constraints of policy objectives to keep the RMB exchange rate stability, the central bank to control monetary supply initiative. This situation put pressure on China's monetary base is very large, resulting in monetary policy effect a significant reduction in investment and the price continues to run high in the case of monetary tightening, it is difficult to achieve under the conditions of the guaranteed stability of the currency to support stable and rapid economic growth monetary policy target.
Second, the exchange rate policy failure of the regulatory function of the balance of payments. China's foreign exchange management goal is to appropriate international balance of payments surplus, rather than a large number of surplus. But the relationship between the policy and objectives, the fixed exchange rate system and China's international balance of payments objectives are mutually contradictory. Since ancient times, so many emperors enjoyed to collect the bronze.  Pegged exchange rate, exchange rate can not change with the foreign exchange supply and demand and are subject to change, so it is difficult to exchange rate adjustment to achieve the dynamic balance of international payments. In recent years, China's international balance of payments in recent years a large number of surplus, with the appropriate surplus target increasingly deviate from the severity of international payments imbalances, and exchange rate policy failure have a great relationship.
The massive inflow of foreign capital. In 2004, China experienced a large-scale capital inflows, in the case of only $ 20 billion trade surplus, foreign exchange reserves increased by more than 206.7 billion U.S. dollars, net capital inflows of about $ 120 billion. Generals and writers and poetries have shown extreme admiration for the bronze statue. The rapid economic growth has attracted a large inflow of foreign capital, coupled with the problems of China's financial system is difficult to meet the strong demand of the industry and enterprise funds, the large influx of foreign capital through increased savings and investment, China's money supply. In order to stabilize the exchange rate, the central bank was forced to hedging operations, resulting in foreign exchange increased, resulting in the loss of control of money supply to make the yuan to face significant pressure to appreciate the

Bronze have been always the favorites of the collectors

The atmosphere of light and shadow intercourse, combined with the character modeling, dynamic, vivid and moving huge power to shock, the overall showing of the artistic level can not but it is amazing. No place in the world can compare with the ancient Chinese bronze. Tibetan Bronze Sculpture embody aesthetic taste of the unique Tibetan culture and aesthetic ideas, a far-reaching history of the nation's heavy civilization and its unique emotional temperament to show which. Regain the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century, super-realism techniques to express their artistic ideas. Seiko secret agents of the manual techniques, the exaggerated scale and sincere emotional expression blend, has won the praise of art critics and viewers. Emotional performance?
The Mucke works charm. This article is designed to let through the analysis? Muck's themes and style, to reveal the unique emotional charm of his work. I will work specifications classified as a "narrowing of the art world and art world expanded stretch of the scale of the work, in-depth analysis of the emotional changes of the work behind the transfer through the theme of the performance of dialysis? On account of the exquisite production, weird shape, overelaborate patterns and ornate flavor, the bronze of China enjoyed a world-wide fame. The Mucke works emotion Art charm. This paper argues that let? Mucke, although in the era of technology is constantly updated, but to regain the traditional hand-made, return to the emotions of human nature, showing a unique artistic features of a contemporary artist.
His superb performance measures, exaggerated form of scale to break the visual understanding of people's habits, to works with perfect unity of mind, once again expand the aesthetic vision of the super-realism, cause people to reflect and resonate. His success to today's constantly innovating to change the art world with a new revelation, character development plays an important role of contemporary artists. bronze have been always the favorites of the collectors. Special another lJDi In addition to the text: i annotation, and thanks to the local paper does not include other people have published or written findings. Other comrades involved in the same work done in this study have any contribution in the paper made clear and expressed gratitude. Signed Lai to rest j eve of the date of.
 "This paper license that Shanghai University I fully understand the reservation, the provisions of the dissertation, namely: the school is entitled to retain the papers and sent to the paper copy, allowing access; the school can publish all or part of the paper Mao II Shanghai University, a master's degree thesis (confidential papers decrypted shall comply with this provision) signature divisions signature. | thread a research purpose and significance on the let? Muck is one of the outstanding bronze sculpture home. This is a Chinese TV play involves around a well-known bronze, a bronze dagger.  He used strong, realistic modeling means giving a new visual impact to zoom in and out of character modeling, and quickly get the attention and recognition of the art world, critics, Watch real people touched by the audience bronze statue convey the expression of inner feelings of the bronze sculpture at home.

Art china bronze sculpture is full of great creativity

Central Plains, although not the origin of metallurgy and smelting center, made in bronze sculpture or cast in brilliant achievements in the arts and crafts coming up. Bronze Ding, Ge, MG, Ge, who preferred the East Asian artifacts, rare in his office, is likely to be created in East Asia. Widely distributed in the Eurasian steppes from the Bronze Net may also be central China, is considered to be a horse, animal patterns, the three characteristics of weapons outside of the fourth reflects the salient features of nomadic culture. Taotie on both bronze statue, or dragon, tiger, Bird, etc., are exaggerated. East Asia for the nomadic lifestyle has contributed to the improvement. Evolved into the duo bells and clock, and North Korea, and Japan had a profound impact on the formation of a unique copper Tudor circles and Zhong culture. Ge and the halberd are weapons unique to East Asia, Ge may also be the summer's landmark objects, mainly in the Central Plains, the West calls China Ge Ji (Chinese Ko-halberd).
In short, from a technical perspective of history, regardless of copper smelting, Fan casting method, the lost wax or arsenic bronze, tin chinese bronze, lead bronze, tin-lead bronze is earlier than the East West. And other than metals such as copper, gold, silver, iron smelting in East Asia not earlier than the West. The bronze sculpture is the essence of imagination and concentration. Tailiekete and other advocates of bronze smelting casting technology spread from west to east the hypothesis has not yet encountered strong evidence to the contrary. However, the type of study from the objects, bronze tripod, Ge, Ge, Ji, Jazz, etc. quite oriental, is likely to be created in East Asia, and the possibility of back-propagation. Nomads in this process played a role as a bridge, and from which to enrich and improve their technology and equipment. Bronze smelting and casting is the cause of the settlers can not be on horseback.
Thus, around 2000 BC, West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, East West cultural exchange between a bronze of the road. Bronze is the way of the spread of more than bronze and bronze technology, but also a large number of technology and ideas, such as cattle, horses, sheep and related technologies. Art china bronze sculpture is full of great creativity. Archeology, linguistics, physical anthropology, and historical account of ancient times with the legendary show that there is a large-scale population movements and cultural exchanges, the road to deny the existence of bronze has been very difficult. Therefore, only nomads spread of sculpture in bronze, and clever use of bronze, improve the nomadic lifestyle, embarked on a nomadic path of militarization.
  First, there is no evidence that the early Bronze Age in East Asia West Asia. The design of the bronze sculpture is still the creative source of life, nature, and then religion. Although some people pushed to the Bronze Age in China five thousand years ago, "Yellow Emperor", some people will Longshan Culture, Hongshan culture as Chalcolithic era culture. Even five thousand years ago the Longshan Culture, Hongshan culture has entered the Bronze Age, also Bixi Ya almost a thousand years later, and not thousands of years before the Bronze Age Copper Age. China does not exist universally acknowledged Copper Age, "Encyclopedia of China Archaeological volume" is not the entry; Longshan Culture, Hongshan culture is typical of the late Neolithic culture in East Asia.

The length of the bronze sculpture has been unprecedented

It also absorbed some of the surrounding culture, some advanced things, such as found in Shaanxi, including some of our soldiers, a bronze of course, our concern. In the week when we discovered the original excavation Zhou Hua, accurate, or as a sample, and then pop the objects. Is this device was, obviously Strip Ba-Shu culture of some of the features, which indicates that the region was off the week in Chengdu and the surrounding area is even exchange. The length of the bronze sculpture has been unprecedented. And cutting my impression that King Wu and the Warring States period into the development of the Qin and consistent, in fact, further back, in the matter, but not necessarily emerge in the Western Zhou period, is such a process, is a non-Zhou When, in mobilizing the troops were, but also the participation of Sichuan, so in that time.
 It is already linked to, or the formation of an alliance. It should be said that Sanxingdui have rich information, and we all know, the emperor Burning of the Books, the book he buried those things I just said Bo, there is obviously a lot of bronze inscriptions around the Princes make their own devices, that the own characteristics, it is portrait-oriented, like us it is generally believed that with ancestor worship, worship of a relationship, however, is not to say, no range of Zhou Dynasty culture is more consistent, then gradually formed around the characteristics of weeks then, as later in the war, there are a considerable part of the lost, so we are left ancestor worship it? In Jiangxi, we can also find the bronze statue left by the troops of Qin.
This is wrong, ancestor worship developed, it should be said that one of the characteristics of Chinese culture, such as the Zhou Dynasty of the patriarchal clan system, which are based on the premise of ancestor worship, the same question in future research. Zhou Guangming is a researcher of chinese bronze in Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology. From the King Wen to become king of this period, it should be said in the weeks of the original that the Bo 30 years, bronze inscriptions recorded in Xuan Wang most years the number is 30 years, but this time an ancestor it down a branch, but the branch will certainly be a relationship Its largest branch is the week of the king's immediate, and he's surrounded by some of the brothers because, bronze cellars, some have inscriptions, some of the inscriptions are often not, there is a Bo?
 We academics are now most people think, the major agricultural laborers should be clan ah, here divided into several, but he respected himself a common ancestor - Zhou royal family. She said the most impressed should be the china bronze of Qin found in Suichuan County of Jian city. Therefore, this single's inscriptions which this cache, it's some information on a single, and we do see such as you can see things in the Western Zhou Dynasty sculpture in bronze may be far things he used several times, so at that time there should be abundance of their large family, but he must account lineage of King Zhou that he is the ancestor of this as their own. There as Sanxingdui, it also has its own characteristics, a small country dynasty, he also has some of the weeks following the clan surname, this should not constitute a week's central.

The bronze sculpture are extremely rich in species

Western Zhou period, there are a lot of art, of which the most charming cow statue. 1967, Qishan County, Shaanxi Jia village unearthed a cow statue. Overall to be a bull-shaped. Cattle rounded, all feet thick, the head reach, eyes wide open, like the Ming roar, looks very vivid. In particular, one unique is the open back of the mouth, the mouth on the cover, lid and ring connected to the Department of Cattle. The bronze sculpture are extremely rich in species. Cast a cover up tiger, tiger four feet forward, back miniature, as if the prey. Thin fresh and ferocious tiger, cattle large and Hanshi, two contrast, is convulsed. Some restrictions on objects due to their own purposes, so can not be done Kit Kat, but a careful look, you can still appreciate a piece casting by ingenuity. After the liberation of unearthed Western Zhou bronze inscriptions is the longest wall plate, December 1976 Fufeng County, Shaanxi village white village unearthed.
Plate for the side lip, light belly, Fuer, ring foot. Shape and generous and steady. The body of the whole body shiny black, cast as the new general. Decorative ribbon around the crown of abdominal sub-vertical tail length Bird, circular foot, decorated with wide and flat burglary song pattern, decoration and design is precisely the shape of the wide extravagant adaptation, which gives a smooth stretch of beauty. Chinese bronze statue have an extensive geographical distribution and superior quality.  A total of 284 word inscriptions, cast in the tray at the end, a total of 18 lines. Make the trip anyway, neat tricks, structural balance, slightly simplified shape in alphabetical scattered, even more lively. Stroke round, started to write all hidden front close pen, giving the channel fresh and beautiful art to enjoy.
The historical value mainly by bronze inscriptions to reflect. We know that the Shang and Zhou dynasties ago has been very far away, due to historical changes, the literature of that era left few, only the "Book", "Book of Songs" and "Spring" three times and general books. chinese bronze in Shang and Zhou are all produced exquisitely, and shaped extraordinarily with free pattern. This is only a number of books, make private copies through the ages, has not been the face, so based on this information in order to have more real history of ancient knowledge is very difficult. The bronze inscriptions, especially a long length of the inscription, was a reflection of real life people, without later changes and keep the true face of the time, which has a very high research value. As Guo in the "big two Zhoujin Wen speech Philological Department of the catalog," the preface says: "Every person said that the full credit" Book "one, however, its historical value is worse than useless." Following several aspects from to illustrate.
The history of both counterfeit bronze so long, especially since the pseudo-modern high-volume device manufacturing, the problem will be bronze forgeries which has become a bronze in the Republic of the study an important component. 1936, Mr. Xu Zhongshu for "On the identification of ancient bronzes," the text ("Archaeological Society Journal," the fourth, 1936), which made the beginning of the first sentence. There are too numerous china bronze to mention one by one. If the ancient bronzes should look at as a science, So, as we first things on the authenticity of the identification of a non-too. Shang and Zhou sculpture in bronze beautiful and diverse forms, dazzling decorations, not only for the study of ancient art history and the plastic arts to provide a wealth of information, and is now the Art Deco good reference material.

Inscriptions can be thought as the greatest feature of Chinese bronze sculpture

In addition, in 1914, Wang Guowei essays, "the country towards the Bronze bibliographic Table" (1915 _ on Yuluo Shi Xue Tang plexus block-printed edition), in each class are listed under the pseudo-devices pseudo-device and the suspect. Inscriptions can be thought as the greatest feature of Chinese bronze sculpture. Wang determined because many of the original device and the far seen only the inscription, it may not have properly, then there is the power cut. l941 years Rong Geng "devices Book of Shang and Zhou Yi," published not only in the detailed summary of the experience of ancient wrongs are summarized on the basis of pseudo-device identification number of important principles, and forged the first time made a more scientific stage (book some basic ideas, published in 1958, "Yinzhou Qing bronzes.
 Theory 'that has been further strengthened), there are still important academic value. Prior to this, Mr. Yung had actually made many of the specific detection of forgeries study, 1925-1927 had suffered from work within the government have more contact with the Qing collection the device, due to a "keep the authenticity of the West Qing Jin Yi table" ("Yenching Journal." Phase 5, 1929), the so-called "West clear four Kam" in the inscriptions were collected and screened bronze, part of the real objects, the suspect, later in the pseudo-difference problem "devices Book of Shang and Zhou Yi" in another been revised. The vast majority of ancient bronze statue around the world have no inscriptions. And by the study's content, but also some scholars have written articles detection of forgeries, such as business Chengzuo "pseudo-word study of the ancient Yi device" ("Journal of Nanking," three-volume two, 1938), and later as a Supplement "(" Archaeology Society published "Phase 5, 1936), and if on the move Xu Shu's paper. Republic of important and valuable detection of forgeries on the roughly as above.
Past two decades, the problem for the detection of forgeries bronze, and has published some important works, both in science or fine on the degree of progress on both new authors in the cultural sector over the years some have been in custody in bronze, repair work, Therefore, the theory is more voice of experience. A few chinese bronze unearthed in India may have short inscriptions. The mid-1970s with the most important theoretical work is Zhang Guangyu 'pretending to be the pre-Qin Shu Yi device inscriptions "(Institute of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University doctoral dissertation, June 1974), this book examines in detail the history of the first Ancient bronze replica and fake facts to illustrate the different dynasties of counterfeit and forged the way objects, process characteristics and the level of awareness of ancient wrongs; then details on the fake of the method, class, especially focused on the inscription of fake research.
The book also details on the identification of a bronze attitude, method, results from a methodological point of view has made a scientific evaluation and summary. There next book, name "Sixty words above Shu Zheng Qin device", cited fifty-five pseudo-device. Device is about to real processing, sub-regulation was transformed into a strange shape. There are different methods of such person. Generally, the progress of  china bronze is divided into three stages. Discrimination can be seen at this time has attached great importance to scholars. Prior to this, the only well-known scholar of modern scholars and collectors Chen Chieh chess, with his wealth of experience to determine the pseudo-device specific ideas put forward ("basket used in sculpture in bronze vegetarian chido").

Bronze sculpture exposed face of the city's problems

"Disorderly development, blind construction." bronze sculpture exposed face of the city's problems, Professor Cao Chunsheng worried. How to chaos from. Creators of the market access management rather chaotic, blind imitation and plagiarism rife. Cao Chunsheng insisted that the city is not a bronze sculpture "backyard art", "not a one capable of things." Intricately fashioned bronze sculpture statue and weapons were placed near the coffin. In September 1993, the Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Construction jointly promulgated the "city of bronze sculpture, construction management approach", bronze sculpture, urban design must be held by the creation of "urban design qualification certificate bronze sculpture" bear a bronze sculptor. 1987 to 2002, the National Sculpture Committee awarded a total of 931 certificates.
However, various factors led to this provision had never really implemented. Reality of the situation is, creators of the market access management rather chaotic, a lot of people do not have the professional quality of the Gao Chuangzuo, some contractors, civil mason, art lovers, driven by the interests of bronze statue around the city to undertake the business, there are even the streets of the city office personally surgeon Gao Chuangzuo phenomenon. The bronze sculpture statue was used to provide comfort and protection in the next world. Art world in China, spread such a statement: two of the most "chaotic" professional, one calligraphy, two bronze sculptures. "It is no one to rely on this door, original painting, engaged in the design, engage in the construction of ... ... now do the sculptures."
The uneven quality of employees, combined with the blind imitation and plagiarism rife, making sculptures in many parts of monotony, there is no personality. "Horse", "lion" is the most common theme, "rocket" and "atomic structure" has become a symbol of technology, "older students often plastic." The country at least four places erected the "Yellow River Mother", the popular first two years of abstract art, the result of many township government put up in front of all the "ball plus a few streamers," the so-called "abstract art." Chinese emperors were the earliest and most frequent patrons of the chinese bronze. In Nanjing and Guangzhou and other cities, actually had a special supporting production and sales of different sizes of balls, streamers, can be temporarily assembled "abstract bronze sculpture," the store. Art? Project? Many bronze sculpture become the leadership of the image of engineering, performance engineering, which is not high overall level of the current sculptures one of the reasons.
It is understood that if the bronze sculpture of tasks to formal institutions or bronze sculptor, a complete through pre-planning, assessment, small draft design a program to modify the final product of the city bronze sculpture, at least more than one year work cycle, spending at least 10 million. And if you find some people called the "Company" and "engineering team" to do, can be completed a few months, spending only need one or two million. All dynastic rulers shared an interest in preserving china bronze. For some local government leaders, the bronze sculpture of money needed is not a problem, but time can not wait. "Often such a situation, the mood of the local government, to find us, ask us in six months or even two to three months to come up with products that do not meet the laws of artistic creation. Too impetuous, too quick success." Professor Cao Chunsheng said. At present, many parts of the program in determining the sculpture in bronze with a tender.